THE HISTORY OF A BALDWIN CITY CHURCH: AREAS TO EXPLORE

THE HISTORY OF A BALDWIN CITY RELIGIOUS INSTITUTION: BALDWIN CITY FIRST UNITED METHODIST CHURCH

Photographs

Student Researchers:

2003: Eugenia Jackson, Megan Kilpatrick, Elizabeth McKee, and Sompathana Phitsanoukanh

2005: Alyson Holman, Andrew McGregor, and Megan Millard

Edited by Dr. George Wiley, Philosophy and Religion Department

Introduction

What are the churches of Baldwin City?
Has work on this church's history already been done? Is there a written history of the church? If yes to either question, find out more so you don't duplicate someone else's efforts.
Sources for Research.
Because the Church’s history has many ties with not only Baldwin City residents but Baker University, both residents and the University have historical records of the Church. Richard Wellman, a Baldwin City resident and current member of the Baldwin First United Methodist Church, is compiling a history of the church for its upcoming 150^th anniversary. Also, the Reverend Pam Morrison, pastor of the Church, has information about the church and its policies today. Brenda Day also has many records of the Church in the Baker University/Kansas East Conference archives.
What written documents or artifacts are available to you, and how do you get access to them?

The Institution's Founding and 7. Reasons for Founding.
The steeple of the First United Methodist Church of Baldwin City rises high above the downtown area, putting a strong visual stamp on the town's appearance. The story of how this building and its congregation came to be begins with the white settlement of this area. Methodism arrived in Kansas during the 1830s when missionaries arrived at the Native American reservations in an attempt to convert them to Christianity (Clark 1). The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill in 1854 helped draw settlers to the region, and with them came the desire for religious fulfillment and exploration of their faith. They took as their motto Matthew 24:14: “And these glad tidings of the kingdom shall be preached in the whole habitable earth, for a witness to all the nations, and then shall come the end” (Bible.com). Commitment to evangelism meant that Methodists were among the many people who settled in the Kansas. This movement into Kansas illustrates the expansion into frontier lands that was then characteristic of U.S. culture. Eventually the Methodists sent one of their own to the prairie township of Palmyra, Kansas Territory, the first settlement near what was to become Baldwin. With Reverend William H. Goode’s arrival Methodist Christianity began its long tenure here. Bishop E. R. Ames had instructed Goode to explore the new territory, and Goode gave the area's first sermon to white settlers at Kibbee Cabin in 1854. As a result the thirteen founders of the First United Methodist Church laid their plans for a church on July 22, 1855, in Palmyra. Soon, the settlers abandoned Palmyra and moved a mile or so south to open the town of Baldwin (Homer K. Ebright, The History of Baker University. Baldwin, Kansas: Kansas Conference Methodist Historical Society, 1951, 28). Having decided to create a Methodist church in the Kansas Territory, the Methodists in the area proposed to establish an educational institution in the vicinity. On October 23, 1856, the first Kansas-Nebraska Conference met in Lawrence, Kansas Territory. Bishop Osmon C. Baker led the conference. Under Bishop Baker’s supervision a committee was charged with exploring the possibility of setting up a college. This committee is credited with the creation of Baker University (Ebright, 32).
Who were the founders? See Appendix A for a list of names.
Why did they decide to start a church?
Has the church existed in other buildings than the present one? What were they?
From 1855 to 1858 members met in the homes of the thirteen founders, and meetings included bible studies and prayer meetings. In 1858, upon the opening of the University, the services moved into a Baker University building, Old Castle.
The First Building. Services continued at Old Castle until the membership was up to 146 and too large for the space available. A committee met on April 26, 1862, to consider an alternate location. The committee decided that the congregation needed a building of its own, and in 1864 the congregation acquired the necessary land. Only two years later the building was complete, at a cost of $3,000. This building, the Old Stone church, still stands today on Baker University’s campus and is now known as the Pulliam Center. Services took place in the Old Stone church until 1885, when the members decided that they needed a larger building because the membership and the level of activities had continued to grow. The church’s membership had expanded rapidly through the late nineteenth century and exceeded two hundred by 1888. The large membership created a sense of urgency to construct either an addition to the Old Stone church or build a new place of worship. Additionally, there was need of a location for the South Kansas Conference meetings.
The Second Building. On December 6, 1898, a committee decided on a brick structure not to exceed $10,000 in value. By the time of the church's dedication on February 14, 1904, the building's cost had risen to $30,000. This facility, which stood on the corner of 8th and Grove Streets, was a very large brick building. First debates swirled concerning whether to add a $5,000 addition to their current church building, Old Stone Hall or construct a new building. The huge and costly new building, costing approximately $30,000, seemed extravagant and unnecessary to some building committeemen, who resigned after it was decided to build a new building. Finally the committee decided to build a new structure, and the church was laid on June 4, 1901. With the laying of the cornerstone, the project had only begun.
It suffered a terrible fire on November 30, 1930, and was destroyed. Members began plans to rebuild the church the same day. While the new church was under construction, the congregation held meetings in Centenary Hall on the Baker campus. Within two years the new building, the present church, was in use. It was dedicated on February 14, 1904, with Dr. Samuel S. Murphy presiding as the pastor of the parish. It was under his leadership that the building had been constructed. For thirty years the church continued to thrive and serve the surrounding community housed in the new brick church. It would not be until the year of the church’s 75^th anniversary that the real strength of the church’s devotion would be tested.
The church has had three names during its history. From 1855 to 1940 the name of the church was Baldwin First Methodist Episcopal Church. Later the name became First Methodist Church. By 1968 the name became Baldwin First United Methodist Church.
How have major historical events affected the church? Examples: "Bleeding Kansas," the Civil War-World War I-World War II-Korean conflict-Vietnam War, economic crises (like the Great Depression), changes in agriculture, the civil rights movement.

The United Methodist Church in Baldwin City, Kansas, has endured many hardships such as the Civil War, the Great Depression, and both World Wars. Homer Kingsley Ebright’s History of Baker University states, “Before the Civil War began, the Kansas Conference of the Methodist Church met at Lawrence in March 1860, and then adopted a very strong statement about slavery. The people in Kansas and especially in Douglas County were very much in favor of the Union cause when war came” (Ebright, History, 70).

Early in the Civil War, two dramatic occurrences involved Baldwin City, nearby Palmyra and Lawrence: The Battle of Black Jack and Quantrill’s raid on Lawrence. Many of the Methodist Church’s members could not avoid involvement in these events. The Battle of Black Jack was a result of a feud between Henry C. Pate and John Brown. In May of 1856, a group of pro-slavery men destroyed many buildings and newspaper presses in Lawrence. In retaliation, John Brown and his troops killed five men near the Pottawatomie creek. In retaliation to this, Pate raided Palmyra. However, on June 2nd, John Brown attacked Pate in a grove of black jack trees near Baldwin. Pate surrendered, having twenty-eight men left. Brown said later that he only had fifteen. Understandably, this incident received wide-spread publicity and stirred up both the North and the South sides. (www.stjohnks)

The next historical event was Quantrill’s Raid on Lawrence on August 21st, 1863. Mrs. Eleanor O’Neil, a native to the area, wrote to her family concerning this event:

It is under peculiar circumstances that I write to you today. We have had another fright from the Bushwhackers. The report came this morning that Lawrence was burnt by them! It is 18 miles from here, and there were 500 of the Rebels. [...] Our men started immediately to intercept their retreat. We could see the smoke as they fired everything along their way. They are now at Baldwin, four miles from here, and our soldiers have intercepted them. The pickets have exchanged fire. Just now a runner came in and states the Rebels are skedadling south, our men in pursuit. They are half a mile apart. There are 400 of our men and they are increasing in numbers as they go along. All the harm I wish them is that our fellows may kill the last one of them. [...] The Rebels burnt every stack of grain from Lawrence to Baldwin and we had such splendid crops of wheat and rye this season. They burnt the houses, too. [...] I did not tell you all about the

Rebels. Our fellows came in sight of them when they had finished burning Brooklyn, a village beyond Baldwin, and they were coming on here, but when they got sight of the Union soldiers they turned back to Brooklyn and took the road south. (O’Neal, August 21, 1863)

Once the Civil War officially started, The History of Baker University says that “There was never a need to draft a man in Kansas into the Union army. The quota assigned to Kansas was 16,000 men, and the new state furnished over 20,000” (pg. 70). The people of Baldwin and the congregation of the United Methodist church would need such resilience and determination as they had learned during these events, for dire hardships and challenges and accomplishments lay ahead.

But then came the Great War, which affected the church because it affected Baker. The History of Baker University states:

The President of the United States ordered that there should be raised and maintained by voluntary induction and draft a Students’ Army Training Corps. Units of this Corps were authorized by the Secretary of War at educational institutions which met the conditions laid down by the government. Among the first to respond to this call was Baker University, and to her came the honor of being the first college in Kansas to be selected by the government for this purpose. On October 1, 1918, one hundred men gathered in front of Taylor Hall and were inducted into the service of the united States. Their freedom as students changed to the discipline and rigorous program of army life. The bugle call waked them from their sleep in their barracks in the gymnasium, and summoned them to meals in the church basement. Military drill added to daily class work kept the student soldiers busy. […] The experiment of the Student Army Training Corps throughout the country was not entirely satisfactory, but at Baker the results were more favorable than in the majority of colleges. Nevertheless there was great rejoicing when the Armistice was signed on Nov. 11; and the boys were all delighted on Dec. 18, when they received honorable discharge from the army. […] On Wednesday, January the fifteenth, the chapel exercises of Baker University were given over to the dedication of a large and beautiful service flag. The principal address of the morning was given by Dr. Charles W. Bailey. There was something peculiarly fitting in the message which this veteran of the Civil war brought to the body of students who were dedicating a flag in honor of those of their number now in the Great War, and something deeply touching in his tribute to the flag. (Ebright 201)

When the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl hit Baldwin was greatly affected. However, the United Methodist Church was perhaps affected more.

Less than an hour after fire had been discovered in the First Methodist Episcopal church early Sunday morning the lapping, devouring flames had left the building a total loss and had not the fire department been prompt to protect adjoining buildings on the south Baldwin might have suffered an irreparable damage. Origin of the fire was either from an over-heated furnace or a faulty ventilator in the flue. […] The church, built of brick veneer, in 1904 was erected during the pastorate of the late Reverend S. S. Murphy, and with contents were insured for $30,000 which will meet only half of the loss to Methodists of Baldwin. According to W. M. Clark, member of the official board, there was $24,000 insurance on the building $3,500 on the pipe organ and $1,800 on equipment.” This is from an article in the Baldwin Ledger on December 5, 1930. The burning of the church was a hard blow for the congregation, leaving them without a building in the midst of a nationwide economic crisis. It probably seemed to many of them that the situation could not get any worse. However, the community proved just as dauntless as they had proved to be during the Civil War. Spirit of co-operation comes from every angle and the Baldwin Methodists do not worry lest their goal for rebuilding be met. While wrecking crews are on the ground gathering together material that may be of some salvage value, the community has girded itself for the task ahead and before many weeks the foundation for the new structure will be under way. (Ledger)

But, despite their determination and completion of the building, they stayed in debt $20,000 dollars until 1946, when the entire debt was clear. On May 26^th, 1946, Bishop Martin gave the dedication service. (Ebright, “Detailed Figures”)

What people have been influential in the life of the church over time? (other than the founders). These people might include a particularly beloved pastor (or a particularly unpopular one) or a lay leader.
What controversies has the church experienced?
What gives the church its particular identity or flavor? What makes it different from other Baldwin City churches or from other churches in its denomination?
What is the mission / purpose of the church?

The mission and purpose of the Baldwin First Methodist Church can be seen in its mission statement: “Baldwin First United Methodist Church proclaims the love of God, the lordship of Jesus Christ, and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit through worship, education, and service” (Core Values). Included with their mission statement is a list of core values they hope to uphold in their church. These core values state how church members should act and present themselves as Christians. These are Baldwin First’s core values:

PROCLAIM the forgiveness and grace offered by God through Jesus Christ.

LIVE as people open to the power of the Holy Spirit who brings forth the love of God in us.

STRENGTHEN ourselves through worship, private and public prayer, and in nurturing relationships with fellow Christians.

GROW in knowledge and love of God through biblical study with commitment to Christian education for all.

SERVE as part of the compassionate "Body of Christ" responding to all human need.

LOVE one another as Christ has loved us; and, in particular, to reach out to those not connected to the Church.

EMBRACE with passion the global mission of the church to bring healing wherever poverty and suffering exist.

HONOR God through wise stewardship of our time, abilities and material resources; the biblical guideline of the tithe being the standard to which we strive. (Core Values)

The Rev. Pam Morrison adds that Baldwin First UMC’s core values mean that

We want to reach out to the Baldwin community and surrounding communities and really welcome them. We want, so much, to be a "home" for Baker students. As a pastor, I long for everyone who gets involved in our community to grow in their knowledge and in the ways they are influenced by scripture and to become people of prayer and people who give service to their neighbors everywhere. (Morrison)

This theme of being welcoming and reaching out appears to be common among their church goals.

My understanding of our purpose is to invite people to come to know Jesus in a personal and intimate way. (Morrison). She points out that the idea of personally and intimately knowing Christ can be somewhat of a radical thing to some people, but believes: when people do come to know the Jesus of the gospels and are personally touched in their hearts by him, they become brand new people and they, then, go touch the world with the healing, tenderness, goodness, and compassion of Christ. I want others to know how great this connection is and that they can have it. I want our church members to all grasp it and then respectfully share it with anyone and everyone who is lost and lonely and searching (Morrison).

14. The How Has The Church Ministered To The Baldwin City Community.
The mission of the church today is to continue serving God and preserving the importance of the community. The First United Methodist Church has been very active in the Baldwin City community and nationwide. As in the past, the church has had significant duties to maintain a sense of religion throughout the Baker University community as well as the town of Baldwin City.
There are many outstanding groups that are apart of the church that have helped with the community including the Sunday school that was formed in 1855, Brotherhood of the Church, Epworth League founded on August 11, 1890, and the Junior League started on May 16, 1891. However, the focus of this paper is on one of the most important groups of the First United Methodist Church, which are the women and their society.
They have continuously helped the church through trying times including the building of the university, the Civil War, and the Depression. One of the first women’s groups that were started was the Ladies’ Aid Society (Ladies Sewing Circle), in May 1862. On June 13, 1866 the ladies helped to raise $500.00 for Baker University and another $500.00 for the building of the church. The society also played a role in the building of the permanent bridge over the creek on West High Street and it has been standing there since 1889.
This generosity of time and hard work still continues. Community dinners are very important for raising money for the church, members, and individuals with needs in the surrounding area. The money that is collected for the church most usually goes to the volunteer groups to help with their projects. One of the biggest projects that had great results in the community is the food pantry. The Boy Scouts and congregation of the Methodist church collect the food. These shelves that were donated by Larry Parkin, member, are filled with canned goods and, in time, much needed baby items. If a person needs fresh food such as meat, milk, and eggs, there are money vouchers available. It is open 3:30-5:30 on Thursdays and 9:00-11:00 Saturdays and then as needed. The church offers to deliver to those who choose to remain anonymous so that people will feel free to use it. This meets the need of the community better and allows people to feel welcome.
The future of the church’s service to the township of Baldwin City is well established. There will always be needs to be met in the community and around the world. The goals are to help with anyone that is having trouble and to spread the word of God through this goodwill and charity of community members and church members. By uniting members of the town and the congregation that have different views and desires in life, they will come together to make this a peaceful community and better world.

How Has The Church Ministered Beyond the Baldwin City Community?

What contact or involvement has this church had with other churches in Baldwin City?
Is the church connected to a judicatory body? (annual conference, archdiocese, etc.) If so, what kind of relations has the church had with its judicatory body?

The church is also part of the Kansas East Conference. The Kansas East Conference’s predecessor, the Kansas Conference, began in 1860 and included the states or territories of Kansas, Texas, and part of New Mexico and the Rocky Mountains (“Tale” 1). Kansas became the only state in the Kansas Conference in 1864, and by 1876, the Conference was split into North and South Conferences along the 36th parallel; Baldwin City was north of the line but included in the South Conference and was the only town so included (“Tale” 1). The Conferences continued to find new ways to split, and it wasn’t until 1939 that today’s Kansas East Conference and Kansas West Conference were created (“Tale” 2).

As part of the Kansas East Conference of the United Methodist Church, Baldwin FUMC is involved it with other organizations. Baldwin FUMC is only indirectly involved with the organizations, because part of its funds goes to them through the Kansas East Conference.

The Kansas East Conference is affiliated with the World Methodist Council. This Council’s Mission Statement states that, among other things, it “promotes unity and seeks to deepen fellowship, [f]oster Methodist participation in the ecumenical movement, [e]ncourage evangelism, [p]ray for and support needs of persecuted Christians, [e]ncourage ministries of justice and peace, [t]hrough the World Methodist Peace Award, honor individuals/groups who work to bring reconciliation and peace through God’s work” (“Council” 1). This statement corresponds with the Baldwin FUMC’s mission statement in many ways.

Churches Uniting in Christ is another organization that is affiliated with the Kansas East Conference. The United Methodist Church is one of nine members of this organization. The organization “agreed to stop ‘consulting’ and start living their unity in Christ more fully” (CUIC 1). Also, each of the denomination members “retains its own identity and decision-making structures, but they also have pledged before God to grow closer in sacred things—including regular sharing of the Lord’s Supper and common mission, especially a mission to combat racism together” (CUIC 1).

The National Council of Churches (NCC) is a group of “36 Protestant, Anglican, Orthodox, historic African American and Living Peace” churches who work for unity through Christ between those denominations (NCC 1). Together with trying to find ways to unify different denominations, this organization works with “joint programs of education, advocacy and service that address critically important needs and that witness to our common faith in Jesus Christ” (NCC 2).

Finally, the World Council of Churches is another organization with which Kansas East is associated. This organization has many of the same goals as the National Council of Churches, except it encompasses a larger area and is made up of more church members. The WCC emerged in 1948 from a process that began as churches began trying to look beyond denominational limits in the 1920s, and the goal became unifying churches and reaching common goals (WCC 2). The web site explains, “WCC member churches remain fundamentally committed to building community with each other” (WCC 4-5).

These organizations show the importance of the Methodist message of reaching out and helping others. In fact, the mission statement Baldwin First United Methodist Church conveys the importance of these goals.

What is the church's polity (how does it govern itself, how do decisions get made)? Are decisions up to the congregation only? Are others involved?

The polity of the Baldwin First United Methodist Church is that of a typical United Methodist Church. The Administrative Council and the Trustees make decisions for the church.

The Administrative Council meets once a month and is led by Debbie Oakleaf. Members of the council include chairs of various church-related committees, including “chair of the missions committee, the chair of the Trustees […], the chairs of the women’s and men’s ministries, the leader of the children’s education area, [and] staff people” (Morrison 1). This council discusses information relevant to the church itself and its ministries. According to the Reverend Pam Morrison, the minister of the Baldwin FUMC, the topics for these meetings include “the finances, the ministry efforts that are ongoing, and […] decisions about new and old business. We plan and vision for the future of the church in these sessions” (Morrison 1). The trustees are also an important part of the Church’s administration. Morrison says, “The trustees are a group of men and women who make decisions about care of the church building itself and see that it is kept up” (Morrison 1). Another important part of the administration is the staff-parish relations committee. The committee is a mediator between the church’s pastor and its congregation. The staff-parish relations committee also has the responsibility of hiring staff members. Lay people at the church are involved with the decision-making, but mainly through committees. The leaders of the committees take ideas to the Administrative Council meetings.

What was the toughest thing the church ever went through?
Perhaps the toughest situation the congregation of the First United Methodist Church ever had to survive through was the devastating fire of 1930 that consumed their building. The new brick church, circa 1904, served Baker University and its community of worshippers for three decades before its destruction on Sunday morning, November 30, 1930. The church’s seventy-fifth anniversary celebration had recently taken place on October 4-6, with a sermon by Dr. Merton S. Rice and other community activities (Appendix D). Then on what was described as a bright Sunday morning, Baker student E.E. Bayse happened to be out for a walk around 8:00 a.m. when he saw smoke escaping from the church’s bell tower. Baldwin City fire chief Perry Stover called for a fire wagon from Lawrence. To ensure that the buildings downtown were safe from the fire, firefighters dampened the roofs to prevent them from igniting. Luckily, a strong northern wind and the church’s tin roof prevented other buildings from burning. The cause of the fire was probably an overheated furnace or faulty ventilator in the chimney flue, according to the fire chief. Newspaper accounts of the fire report that church members stood by helplessly watching their church burn instead of worshiping as they would have done any other Sunday, but the parish members were not passive for long. The members convened in the top story lodge room across the street from the post office, before the fire was even, to discuss building a new church. A building committee composed of Dr. Wiley Keve and board of trustees members, headed by Dr. Calvin Holman, initiated a plan to build a new and better structure as soon as possible. This group of church leaders stayed with the project until its completion. They enlisted the help of the destroyed building’s architect from Philadelphia and asked Joe Spurgeon, the previous builder, to be a part of the rebuilding. The building and its contents had been insured for $30,000. With a drought hitting farmers, the impending Great Depression, and World War II, paying for the new church would be a fifteen-year struggle, and recovery from the fire tested the determination of the parish to continue in ministry. In January, 1931, Baker president Wallace B. Fleming urged the community to pledge money towards the rebuilding of the church, and his urging helped to raise $16,000. The University allowed worshipers to use Centenary Hall on the campus until their building could be rebuilt. Help came from beyond Baker, too. The town newspaper reported on December 5, 1930, that gifts from friends of the church arrived on every train after news of the tragedy spread. The cost of the building was originally estimated at $83,000 but eventually rose to more than $110,000. The church had been built of Bedford Sandstone for durability and furnished with tall stained glass windows. The cornerstone and tablet honoring Dr. Samuel S. Murphy were salvaged and placed in the new church, which was completed by May of 1932. The cornerstone and tablet continue to be a visible reminder of the trials the congregation has faced and their triumph over those troubles.
The long-standing relationship between Baker University and the First United Methodist Church continued in the new building, the site of Baker’s commencement ceremony on May 29, 1932. With over a thousand people gathered, seventy-four graduates under the leadership of their president, Wallace B. Fleming, graduated in the new church. Visitors enjoyed seeing the new church’s interior. Bishop William C. Martin conducted the service and asked the congregation to sing the hymn, "I will Build My Church." Dedication of the new building occurred on May 26, 1946, after the loans were finally paid off. This new building continues to serve the parish and community.
What are some of the church's successes?

Student Researchers' Notes:

Conclusion

During its 148-year history, First United Methodist Church has provided Baldwin City with leadership and service. Members have dedicated themselves to the educational needs of their parish through their association with Baker University. Strong leaders within the church have provided community services and volunteer activities. They have shown perseverance and dedication through adversities like the fire that consumed their church building in 1930. Such strengths will continue to be an asset to the town and college.

Appendix A

Founders of the Baldwin Church

The names of the members of the first class, organized July 22, 1855.

Appendix B

Ministers of Baldwin Methodist Church

Rev. Mark Robertson (1859-1860)
Rev. E.F. Collins (1860-1861)
Dr. W.R. Davis (1861-1862)
Rev. Thomas H. Mudge (1862-1863)
Rev. C.H. Lovejoy (1863-1864)
Rev. T.J. Ferrill (1863-1864)
William Butt (1864-1865)
Dr. George S. Dearborn (1865-1866)
Rev. Samuel McBurney (1866-1867)
Rev. James Lawrence (1867-1868)
Rev. J.A. Simpson (1869-1870)
Rev. J.E. Bryan (1870-1871)
Rev. D.A. Perrin (1871-1873)
Rev. J. Boynton and Professor S.S. Weatherby (1873-1874)
Rev. R.A. Caruthers (1874-1875)
Rev. Joseph Denison (1875-1876)
Rev. Henry W. Reed (1876-1879)
Rev. Henry Shipe (1879-1880)
Rev. A.H. Walter (1880-1882)
Rev. W.R. Davis (1882-1885)
Rev. E.C. Boaz (1885-1888)
Rev. Charles W. Gullett (1889-1890)
Dr. J.A. Motter (1890-1892)
Rev. C.R. Rice (1892-1895)
Rev. R.P. Hammons (1895-1897)
Dr. Samuel S. Murphy (1897-1904)
Rev. I.B. Pulliam (1904-1907)
Dr. J.F. Jenness (1907-1910)
Dr. Reece B. Kester (1910-1915)
Dr. S.S. Klyne (1915-1918)
Dr. Henry W. Hargett (1918-1920)
Dr. Oscar E. Allison (1920-1925)
Dr. John Maclean (1925-1927)
Rev. Calvin E. Holman (1927-1931)
Rev. Wiley A. Keve (1931-1934)
Rev. James Chubb (1934-1942)
Rev. Clyde Brewster (1942-1948)
Rev. Clare Hayes (1948-1954)
Rev. Kirby Hayes (1954-1996?)
Rev. Nanette Roberts (1996?-Present)

Appendix C

Photograph of the New Brick Church cir. 1904

Appendix D

Photograph of Church Fire

Works Cited

_____ "Church Building marks 50^th Anniversary" The Baldwin Ledger. 10 June 1982.

_____ "Historical Accounts of Baldwin United Methodist Church Read Sunday" The Baldwin Ledger. 8 July 1976.

_____ "Methodist Church Destroyed by Fire: Only a Chimney and the Belfry remained standing after the Building is Swept by Flames" The Baldwin Ledger. 5 December 1930.

_____ Church History Baldwin First Methodist Episcopal. Baldwin.

_____ First United Methodist Church. Baldwin City, KS, 1977. [Newspaper]

_____ Glimpses of our Early History. Baldwin City, Kansas: First United Methodist Church, 1990.

“A Tale of Many Conferences.” A Tale of Many Conferences. <http://www.ku.edu/heritage/um/KSConfmaps.htm> (accessed 26 April 2005).

“First United Methodist Church.” Core Values. <http://www.baldwinfirst.org/core_values.htm> (accessed 26 April 2005).

“Methodist Church Destroyed in Fire.” Baldwin City Ledger. 5 December 1930.

“NCC at a Glance: Who Belongs, How It Works and What It Does.” The NCC at a Glance: Who Belongs, How It Works, What It Does. <http://www.ncccusa.org/about/about_ncc.htm> (accessed 26 April 2005).

“What Is CUIC?” What Is CUIC? <http://www.eden.edu/cuic/whatiscuic/cuic.htm> (accessed 26 April 2005).

“What is the World Council of Churches?” Who Are We? 2003. <http://www.wcc-coe.org/wcc/who/index-e.html> (accessed 26 April 2005).

“World Methodist Council.” World Methodist Council. <http://www.worldmethodistcouncil.org/mission/html> (accessed 26 April 2005).

Baldwin City First United Methodist Church Jubilee pamphlet. Baker University Archives, Baldwin City, KS.

Clark, Linda Morgan, MTh. “The First Methodists in Kansas.” Kansas Methodism. <http://www.ku.edu/heritage.um/Missionaries.htm> (accessed 26 April 2005).

Day, Brenda. [Interview] April 16, 2003. Baldwin City, Kansas. Baker University Archivist.

Ebright, Dr. Homer K. “Detailed Figures about the Baldwin Church.”

Ebright, Dr. Homer K. The History of Baker University. Baldwin City, KS: 1951.

First United Methodist Church [Photograph] Baker University Archives: Baldwin City, Kansas. 1930, April 28, 2003.

Goode, Rev. William H. Outpost of Zion, with Limnings of Mission Life. Cincinnati: Poe and Hitchcock, 1863.

Holter, Don. Fire on the Prairie: Methodism in the History of Kansas. Kansas City, Missouri: Editorial Board of the Kansas Methodist History, 1969.

Holy Bible. Darby Translation. <http://www.bible.com> (accessed 26 April 2005).

Lessing, Patty. History of First United Methodist Church. Baldwin City, Kansas, 1991.

Litteer, Loren "Fire Strikes Baker Again!: Flashbacks into Local History" The Baldwin Ledger. 2 September 1976.

Mix, Larry and Carolyn. “Battle of Black Jack Park.” 22 April 2005. <http://www.stjohns.net/santafetrail/spacepix/blackjack.html> (accessed 26 April 2005)

Morrison, Pam. “Re: another question for research project.” E-mail to the authors. 26 April 2005.

Morrison, Pam. “Re: question.” E-mail to the authors. 25 April 2005.

Norwood, Frederick A. “Methodism in Kansas, According to Frederick A. Norwood (From 1830 to the Civil War).” Early Methodism in Kansas (Norwood)-1830 to Civil War. <http://www.ku.edu/heritage/um/early~1.html> (accessed 26 April 2005).

O’Neal, Eleanor. Personal Diary. 21 August 1863.

Rice, Bill. “Memories of Bill Rice.”

Wolf, Valerie. "Methodist Church food pantry ready" Baldwin City Signal. 10 March 1999.